 |
 ALAND
|
Location |
Baltic Sea/Northern Europe |
|
Capital |
Mariehamn |
|
Religion |
Christianity (protestantism) |
|
Language |
Swedish |
|
Political Status |
Autonomous territory |
|
History |
Autonomous territory of Finland 1917
|
|
Intl Oval |
FIN |
|
 |
 ALBANIA
|
Location |
South Eastern Europe |
|
Capital |
Tiranë (Tirana) |
|
Religions |
Islam (sunni), Christianity |
|
Language |
Albanian |
|
History |
Turkish occupation ended 1912. Italian-German
occupation ended 1944. |
|
Intl Oval |
AL |
|
 |
 ANDORRA
|
Location |
Western Europe |
|
Capital |
Andorra la Vella |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Catalan |
|
History |
Formed as an independent state in 1278
|
|
Intl Oval |
AND |
|
 |
 AUSTRIA
(Austo-Hungarian Empire)
|
Location |
Central Europe |
|
Capital |
Wien (Vienna) |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
German |
|
History |
German occupation ended 1804, re-asserted
1939-1945. |
|
Intl Oval |
A |
|
 |
 BELARUS
|
Location |
Eastern Europe |
|
Capital |
Minsk |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Belarusian, Russian. |
|
History |
Russian occupation ended 1991 |
|
Intl Oval |
BY |
|
 |
 BELGIUM
|
Location |
Western Europe |
|
Capital |
Brussel Bruxelles
(Brussels) |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Languages |
Dutch, French, German |
|
History |
Seceded from Netherlands 1830. German occupation
1940-1945. Includes Flanders, Wallonia, and
Brussels |
|
Intl Oval |
B |
|
 |
 BOSNIA
and HERCEGOVINA
(Croatia)
|
Location |
Central Europe |
|
Capital |
Sarajevo |
|
Religions |
Christianity, Islam (sunni) |
|
Language |
Serbo-Croat |
|
History |
Seceded from Yugoslavia 1991. Partitioned after
civil war into Federation of Bosnia and
Hercegovina, and Republic of Srpska.
|
|
Intl Oval |
BIH |
|
 |
BOSNIA SRPSKA
|
Location |
Central Europe |
|
Capital |
Sarajevo |
|
Religions |
Christianity, Islam (sunni) |
|
Language |
Serbo-Croat |
|
History |
Seceded from Yugoslavia 1991. Partitioned after
civil war into Federation of Bosnia and
Hercegovina, and Republic of Srpska.
|
|
Intl Oval |
BIH |
|
 |
 BULGARIA
|
Location |
South East Europe |
|
Capital |
Sofija (Sofia) |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Bulgarian |
|
History |
Turkish occupation ended 1908. |
|
Intl Oval |
BG |
|
 |
 CHANNEL
ISLANDSAlderney, Guernsey, Herm, Jersey,
and Sark are islands in the English Channel of the North
Sea, between United Kingdom and mainland Europe,
administered by UK.
Alderney Guernsey Jersey
Sark Herm
|
 |
 CROATIA
|
Location |
Central Europe |
|
Capital |
Zagreb |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Croatian |
|
History |
Croatia seceded from Yugoslavia 1991
|
|
Intl Oval |
HR |
|
 |
 CYPRUS
|
Location |
Mediterranean
|
|
Capital |
Lefkosía
(Nicosia) |
|
Religions |
Christianity,
Islam (sunni |
|
Languages |
Greek,
Turkish |
|
History |
British
occupation ended 1960. Turkish Republic of
Northern Cyprus declared independence 1974, but
not recognized. |
|
Intl Oval |
CY
|
|
 |
 CZECH
REPUBLIC
(Czechoslovakia)
|
Location |
Central Europe |
|
Capital |
Praha (Prague) |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Czech |
|
History |
Czechoslovakia
separated into Czech Republic and Slovakia 1993. |
|
Intl Oval |
CZ |
|
 |
 DANZIG
Danzig was an
independent free city from 1918 - 1938. It became part
of Germany 1939 - 1945. Danzig became part of
Poland and is called Gdansk 1945 - present.
International
Oval: DA |
 |
 DENMARK
|
Location |
Northern Europe |
|
Capital |
København (Copenhagen) |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Danish |
|
History |
German occupation 1940 - 1945. Includes Faroe
Islands and Greenland . |
|
Intl Oval |
DK |
|
 |
 EAST GERMANY
(DDR)
Deutsche Demokratische Republik
Germany was split
into the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and
the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) 1949. East
Germany and West Germany joined in 1990 to become
unified Germany.
International Oval:
DDR |
 |
 ENGLAND
See United Kingdom |
 |
 ESTONIA
|
Location |
Eastern Europe |
|
Capital |
Tallinn |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Estonian, Russian |
|
History |
Russian occupation ended 1991. |
|
Intl Oval |
EST |
|
 |
 FAROE
ISLANDS
|
Location |
Northern Atlantic |
|
Capital |
Tórshavn (Thorshavn) |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Languages |
Faroeic, Danish |
|
History |
Faroe Islands became Danish in 1380. |
|
Intl Oval |
FR |
|
 |
 FINLAND
|
Location |
Northern Europe |
|
Capital |
Helsingfors (Helsinki) |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Languages |
Finnish, Swedish, Sami |
|
History |
Russian occupation ended 1917. |
|
Intl Oval |
FIN |
|
 |
 FRANCE
|
Location |
Western Europe |
|
Capital |
Paris |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
French |
|
History |
German occupation 1940 - 1945. |
|
Intl Oval |
F |
|
 |
 GEORGIA
|
Location |
Caucasus |
|
Capital |
T'bilisi (Tbilisi) |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Georgian |
|
History |
Russian occupation ended 1991. Abkhazian,
Adzharian and South-Ossetian minorities are
attempting secession, not recognized. |
|
Intl Oval |
GEO |
|
 |
 GERMANY
(BDR) (West Germany)
|
Location |
Western Europe |
|
Capital |
Berlin |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
German, Serbian, Danish |
|
History |
Germany was split into the Federal Republic of
Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic
Republic (East Germany) 1949. East Germany and
West Germany joined in 1990 to become unified
Germany. |
|
Intl Oval |
D |
|
 |
 GIBRALTER
|
Location |
South Europe |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
English |
|
History |
British occupation ended 1970, claimed by Spain. |
|
Intl Oval |
GBZ |
|
 |
 GREECE
|
Location |
South East Europe |
|
Capital |
Athínai (Athens) |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Greek |
|
History |
Turkish occupation ended 1830. German occupation
1940 - 1945. Includes Rhodes and Crete. |
|
Intl Oval |
GR |
|
 |
 GREENLAND
|
Location |
North Atlantic |
|
Capital |
Nuuk |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Languages |
Inuit, Danish |
|
History |
Greenland became Danish in 1721 |
|
Intl Oval |
DK |
|
 |
 HUNGARY
|
Location |
Central Europe |
|
Capital |
Budapest |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Hungarian |
|
History |
Hungary seceded from the Austrian-Hungarian
Empire in 1918. |
|
International Oval |
H |
|
 |
 ICELAND
|
Location |
Northern Europe / Atlantic |
|
Capital |
Reykjavik |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Icelandic |
|
History |
Danish occupation ended 1944. |
|
Intl Oval |
IS |
|
 |
 ISLE
OF MAN
|
Location |
Irish Sea |
|
Capital |
Douglas |
|
Religion |
Christianity (protestantism and catholicism)
|
|
Languages |
English, Manx |
|
History |
British dependency 1827 |
|
Intl Oval |
GBM |
|
 |
 ISLES
OF SCILLY
British islands offshore Cornwall,
southwest England, in the Atlantic Ocean, administered by
UK. |
 |
 IRELAND
|
Location |
Western Europe |
|
Capital |
Baile Atha Cliath
(Dublin) |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Irish, English. |
|
History |
British occupation ended 1921. Northern Ireland
remained part of the United Kingdom.
|
|
Intl Oval |
IRL |
|
 |
 ITALY
|
Location |
Southern Europe |
|
Capital |
Roma (Rome) |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Italian, German, French, Ladino |
|
History |
German occupation 1942 - 1945. |
|
Intl Oval |
I |
|
 |
 KOSOVO
|
Location |
Southern Europe |
|
Capital |
Pristina |
|
Religions |
Islam (sunni), Christianity |
|
Languages |
Albanian, Serbian |
|
History |
Independence from Serbia 2008. |
|
Intl Oval |
CS |
|
 |
 LATVIA
|
Location |
Eastern Europe |
|
Capital |
Riga |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Latvian, Russian. |
|
History |
Russian occupation ended 1991. |
|
Intl Oval |
LV |
|
 |
 LIECHTENSTEIN
|
Location |
Central Europe |
|
Capital |
Vaduz |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
German |
|
History |
Independence from Germany 1806 |
|
Intl Oval |
FL |
|
 |
 LITHUANIA
|
Location |
Eastern Europe |
|
Capital |
Vilnius |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Lithuanian, Russian, Polish |
|
History |
Russian occupation ended 1991. |
|
Intl Oval |
LT |
|
 |
 LUXEMBOURG
|
Location |
West Europe |
|
Capital |
Lëtzebuerg (Luxembourg, Luxemburg) |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Languages |
Luxembourgian, French, German |
|
History |
Austrian occupatiom ended 1815, Dutch ended
1890. |
|
Intl Oval |
L |
|
 |
 MACEDONIA
|
Location |
South East Europe |
|
Capital |
Skopje |
|
Religions |
Christianity, Islam (sunni) |
|
Language |
Macedonian, Albanian. |
|
History |
Seceded from Yugoslavia in 1991. |
|
Intl Oval |
MK |
|
 |
 MALTA
|
Location |
Mediterranean |
|
Capital |
Valletta |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Maltese. The other official language is English. |
|
History |
British occupation ended 1964 |
|
Intl Oval |
M |
|
 |
 MOLDOVA
|
Location |
Eastern Europe |
|
Capital |
Chisinau |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Moldovan, Russian |
|
History |
Russian occupation ended 1991. Transdniestria
seceded unilaterally from Moldova 1990. The
region of Gagauzia is autonomous. |
|
Intl Oval |
MD |
|
 |
 MONACO
|
Location |
Southern Europe (Mediterranean) |
|
Capital |
Monaco |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
French |
|
History |
Independence from Sardinia in 1861 |
|
Intl Oval |
MC |
|
 |
 MONTENEGRO
Republic of Serbia (Republika
Srbije) and the Republic of Montenegro (Republika Crna
Gora)
|
Location |
South East Europe |
|
Capital |
Podgorica |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Serbian |
|
History |
Yugoslavia reconstituted as "Serbia and
Montenegro" 2003, Montenegro separated from
Serbia 2006. |
|
Intl Oval |
MNE |
|
 |
 NETHERLANDS
(Holland)
|
Location |
Western Europe |
|
Capitals |
Amsterdam, Den Haag (The Hague) |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Dutch, Frisian |
|
History |
Seceded from Spanish rule 1581, German
occupation 1940-1945 |
|
Intl Oval |
NL |
|
 |
NORTH
CYPRUS See also Cyprus
|
Location |
Mediterranean |
|
Capital |
Nicosia |
|
Religion |
Islam (sunni) |
|
Language |
Turkish |
|
History |
Northern Cyprus seceded from the Cyprus in 1983
after an invasion by Turkey in 1974, not
recognized. |
|
Intl Oval |
CY |
|
 |
NORTHERN
IRELAND See United Kingdom |
 |
 NORWAY
|
Location |
North Europe |
|
Capital |
Oslo |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Norwegian |
|
History |
Seceded from Sweden 1905, German occupation
1940-1945 |
|
Intl Oval |
N |
|
 |
 POLAND
|
Location |
Central Europe |
|
Capital |
Warszawa (Warsaw) |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Polish |
|
History |
Poland regained independence in 1918, German
occupation 1939-1945 |
|
Intl Oval |
PL |
|
 |
 PORTUGAL
|
Location |
South Europe |
|
Capital |
Lisboa (Lisbon) |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Portuguese |
|
History |
Independent 1140. |
|
Intl Oval |
P |
|
 |
 PORTUGAL-AZORES
The Azores
is a province of
Portugal, in the Atlantic Ocean. |
 |
PORTUGAL-MADIERA
Madeira
is a province of Portugal, in the Atlantic Ocean,
offshore North Africa, but treated as part of Europe. |
 |
 ROMANIA
|
Location |
Eastern Europe |
|
Capital |
Bucuresti (Bucharest) |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Romanian |
|
History |
Turkish occupation ended 1878, German occupation
1940 - 1945) |
|
Inl Oval |
RO |
|
 |
 RUSSIA
Russian Federation (Soviet Union)
|
Location |
Eastern Europe and North Asia (Siberia)
Click HERE for
detail map |
|
Capital |
Moskva (Moscow) |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Russian. Many others |
|
History |
Russia was formed in 1521, became the main
constituent part of the Soviet Union 1922, which
broke up 1991. |
| |
Russian Federation includes the following
autonomous republics:
Adygeya, Altai, Bashkortostan, Burjatia,
Chakasia, Chechnia, Chuvasia, Dagestan,
Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Kalmukia,
Karacha-Cherkesia, Karelia, Komi, Mari El,
Mordovia, North-Ossetia, Sacha (Jakutia),
Tatarstan, Tuva and Udmurtia. Chechnia and
Tatarstan did not sign the federation treaty.
Tatarstan (Tatar Republic) declared independence
1994. |
|
Intl Oval |
RUS |
|
 |
 SAARLAND
|
Location |
Western Europe |
|
Language |
German |
|
History |
Independent 1920 - 1935, reverted to Germany by
plebiscite. French administration 1946 - 1956,
reverted to Germany 1957. |
|
Intl Oval |
SA |
|
 |
 SAN
MARINO
|
Location |
South Europe |
|
Capital |
San Marino |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Italian |
|
History |
Independent state in 885 |
|
Intl Oval |
RSM |
|
 |
SCOTLAND
See United Kingdom |
 |
 SERBIA
(Yugoslavia)
|
Location |
South East Europe |
|
Capital |
Beograd
(Belgrade) |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Serbian |
|
History |
Yugoslavia formed 1919 by unification of Serbia,
Montenegro and South-Slavic parts of
Austria-Hungary. Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia-Herzegovina seceded 1991, Macedonia in
1993. Partitioned into Republic of Serbia (Republika
Srbije) and the Republic of Montenegro (Republika
Crna Gora) 2003. Montenegro separated 2006.
Kosovo independent 2008. |
|
Intl Oval |
SRB |
|
 |
 SLOVAKIA
(Czechoslovakia)
|
Location |
Central Europe |
|
Capital |
Bratislava |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Slovak, Hungarian |
|
History |
Czechoslovakia partitioned into Slovakia and
Czech Republic 1993. |
|
Intl Oval |
SK |
|
 |
 SLOVENIA
|
Location |
Central Europe |
|
Capital |
Ljubljana |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Slovenian |
|
History |
Slovenia seceded from Yugoslavia 1991 |
|
Intl Oval |
SLO |
|
 |
 SOVIET
UNION
See also RUSSIA
In 1991, the
Soviet Union (USSR.) split into the following now
independent countries: +Armenia, *Azerbaijan,
+Belarus, +Estonia, +Georgia, *Kazakhstan, *Kyrgystan,
+Latvia, +Lithuania, +Moldova, +*Russia, *Tajikistan,
*Turkmenistan, +Ukraine, *Uzbekistan.
* = Asia + = Europe
(This Page)
International Oval: SU |
 |
 SPAIN
|
Location |
South Europe |
|
Capital |
Madrid |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Spanish (Castillian), Catalan, Basque. |
|
History |
Castillia merged with Aragon as Spain 1479.
German occupation 1940 - 1945.n is a member of
the
European Union. |
|
Intl Oval |
E |
|
 |
 SPAIN-BALEARES
The Balearic
Islands (Ibiza, Mallorca, Menorca, and Formentera) are a
province of Spain in the Mediterranean Sea. |
 |
 SPAIN-CANARY
The Canary
Islands are a province of Spain in the Atlantic Ocean
offshore Northwest Africa.. |
 |
 SPAIN-CEUTA
and MELILLA
 Ceuta
and Melilla are Spanish enclaves on the Mediterranean
coast of Morocco. |
 |
 SWEDEN
|
Location |
Northern Europe |
|
Capital |
Stockholm |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Swedish |
|
History |
German occupation 1940 - 1945 |
|
Intl Oval |
S |
|
 |
 SWITZERLAND
|
Location |
Central Europe |
|
Capital |
Bern |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Languages |
German, French, Italian, Romansch |
|
History |
Switzerland was founded in 1291 |
|
Intl Oval |
CH |
|
 |
 UKRAINE
|
Location |
Eastern Europe |
|
Capital |
Kyiv (Kiev) |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Ukrainian, Russian. |
|
History |
Russian occupation ended 1991, includes the
autonomous Republic of Crimea. |
|
Intl Oval |
UA |
|
|
|
UNITED KINGDOM
(GREAT BRITAIN)
|
Location |
Western Europe |
|
Capital |
London |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
English |
|
History |
England, Wales and Scotland merged into the
United Kingdom in 1707, Ireland in1801. Ireland
seceded 1921, Northern Ireland remained part of
the UK. |
|
Intl Oval |
GB |
|
 |
WALES
See UNITED KINGDOM |
 |
 YUGOSLAVIA
See also Serbia
|
Location |
South East Europe |
|
Capital |
Beograd
(Belgrade) |
|
Religion |
Christianity |
|
Language |
Serbian |
|
History |
Yugoslavia formed 1919 by unification of Serbia,
Montenegro and South-Slavic parts of
Austria-Hungary. Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia-Herzegovina seceded 1991, Macedonia in
1993. Partitioned into Republic of Serbia (Republika
Srbije) and the Republic of Montenegro (Republika
Crna Gora) 2003. Montenegro separated 2006.
Kosovo independent 2008. |
|
Intl Oval |
SRB |
|
EUROPE and
NORTH ATLANTIC
