The continuous signals from the drill bit are transformed into VSP displays using cross correlation and de-convolution. The energy source signature is obtained by continuously recording the vibrations on the drill pipe. The time lag for the reference signal to travel up the pipe is calculated from the length of the pipe and the velocity of sound in steel. Cross correlation is used to define the signature in the same way as for Vibroseis sources. De-convolution
of the recorded geophone traces with this signature produces the
seismic traces. Traces are stacked continuously as drilling proceeds
and an output trace is generated every 10 feet of drilled depth.
By taking into account the geometry of the drill bit and geophone
locations, the VSP section can be displayed. Data quality is comparable
to conventional VSP data, as shown in the comparative example
below. Rig noise can sometimes be a problem, but it
can usually be cured.
The geometry of the system and the de-convolved traces versus depth are shown below. Because of the close spacing, a very accurate time - depth plot can be created. This allows continuous calculation of an interval velocity log, equivalent to a sonic log filtered over a ten foot span.
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